Introduction to Nonlinear Phenomena in Superfluid Liquids and Bose-Einstein Condensates: Helium, Semiconductors and Graphene

摘要

We review current understanding of the non-equilibrium dynamics of collectivequantum systems. We describe an approach based on the Hamiltonian formulationof superfluid hydrodynamics. It is shown that, in the presence of constantenergy pumping, the nonlinear coupling of fluctuations in the density andentropy strongly affects the nonequilibrium dynamics of the system. We use theresults obtained to analyze the properties of out-of-equilibrium superfluid 4Heand of exciton polariton Bose-Einstein condensates, both in semiconductorquantum wells and in graphene layers in presence of high magnetic field.